Cobertura de firewall, ASR y antivirus en políticas de seguridad

<#
.TITLE
    Get Firewall and ASR Status

.SYNOPSIS
    Reports endpoint security policy coverage for firewall, attack surface reduction, and antivirus across the tenant.

.DESCRIPTION
    This script inventories all endpoint security policies (settings catalog policies
    with an endpoint security template plus legacy security intents) and reports the
    coverage per discipline: firewall, attack surface reduction, antivirus, disk
    encryption, EDR, and account protection. It flags disciplines with no assigned
    policy and lists unassigned endpoint security policies. Combined with the device
    count this shows whether the tenant's Windows fleet actually has firewall and ASR
    enforcement or just unassigned policy objects.

.TAGS
    Security,Monitoring

.MINROLE
    Intune Administrator

.PERMISSIONS
    DeviceManagementConfiguration.Read.All,DeviceManagementManagedDevices.Read.All

.AUTHOR
    Ugur Koc

.VERSION
    1.2

.CHANGELOG
    1.2 - Added Azure Automation contract validation, portal-safe boolean parameters, beta Graph endpoints, and terminating paging errors
    1.1 - Azure Automation now records script progress, outcomes, and summaries in job history
    1.0 - Initial release

.LASTUPDATE
    2026-07-30

.EXAMPLE
    .\get-firewall-and-asr-status.ps1
    Shows endpoint security policy coverage per discipline

.EXAMPLE
    .\get-firewall-and-asr-status.ps1 -ExportToCsv "true"
    Exports the coverage report to a timestamped CSV file

.NOTES
    - Requires Microsoft.Graph.Authentication module
    - Endpoint security policies are settings catalog policies whose templateReference.templateFamily starts with endpointSecurity; template family filtering happens client-side because the server-side filter is unreliable on this surface
    - Legacy endpoint security intents (deviceManagement/intents) are included for older tenants
    - Coverage means at least one assigned policy per discipline; per-device applicability is not evaluated
    - Uses beta Graph endpoints because settings catalog templates and intents are exposed there
    - Local interactive sign-in uses the MgGraphCommunity module to avoid the Graph SDK's mandatory WAM broker on Windows
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, HelpMessage = "Export results to CSV")]
    [ValidateSet("true", "false", "1", "0", '$true', '$false')]
    [string]$ExportToCsv,

    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, HelpMessage = "Output path for exports")]
    [string]$OutputPath = ".",

    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, HelpMessage = "Force module installation without prompting")]
    [ValidateSet("true", "false", "1", "0", '$true', '$false')]
    [string]$ForceModuleInstall
)

# Normalize the local module-install override for Azure Automation parameter binding.
$forceModuleInstallRaw = [string]$ForceModuleInstall
Remove-Variable -Name ForceModuleInstall
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($forceModuleInstallRaw)) {
    $ForceModuleInstall = $false
}
elseif ($forceModuleInstallRaw.Trim().ToLowerInvariant() -in @("true", "1", '$true')) {
    $ForceModuleInstall = $true
}
elseif ($forceModuleInstallRaw.Trim().ToLowerInvariant() -in @("false", "0", '$false')) {
    $ForceModuleInstall = $false
}
else {
    throw "Parameter 'ForceModuleInstall' accepts only true, false, 1, 0, $true, or $false."
}

# Azure Automation supplies portal parameter values as strings. Normalize the
# public boolean parameters once so local and runbook execution use real booleans.
foreach ($runbookBooleanParameter in @('ExportToCsv')) {
    $runbookBooleanRaw = [string](Get-Variable -Name $runbookBooleanParameter -ValueOnly)
    Remove-Variable -Name $runbookBooleanParameter

    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($runbookBooleanRaw)) {
        Set-Variable -Name $runbookBooleanParameter -Value $false
        continue
    }

    switch ($runbookBooleanRaw.Trim().ToLowerInvariant()) {
        { $_ -in @("true", "1", '$true') } {
            Set-Variable -Name $runbookBooleanParameter -Value $true
        }
        { $_ -in @("false", "0", '$false') } {
            Set-Variable -Name $runbookBooleanParameter -Value $false
        }
        default {
            throw "Parameter '$runbookBooleanParameter' accepts only true, false, 1, 0, $true, or $false."
        }
    }
}

# ============================================================================
# ENVIRONMENT DETECTION AND SETUP
# ============================================================================

function Initialize-RequiredModule {
    param(
        [string[]]$ModuleNames,
        [bool]$IsAutomationEnvironment,
        [bool]$ForceInstall = $false
    )

    foreach ($ModuleName in $ModuleNames) {
        Write-Verbose "Checking module: $ModuleName"

        $module = Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name $ModuleName | Select-Object -First 1

        if (-not $module) {
            if ($IsAutomationEnvironment) {
                throw "Module '$ModuleName' is not available in Azure Automation"
            }
            else {
                Write-Information "Module '$ModuleName' not found. Installing..." -InformationAction Continue

                if (-not $ForceInstall) {
                    $response = Read-Host "Install module '$ModuleName'? (Y/N)"
                    if ($response -notmatch '^[Yy]') {
                        throw "Module '$ModuleName' is required but installation was declined."
                    }
                }

                try {
                    $isAdmin = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")
                    $scope = if ($isAdmin) { "AllUsers" } else { "CurrentUser" }

                    Install-Module -Name $ModuleName -Scope $scope -Force -AllowClobber -Repository PSGallery
                    Write-Information "✓ Successfully installed '$ModuleName'" -InformationAction Continue
                }
                catch {
                    throw "Failed to install module '$ModuleName': $($_.Exception.Message)"
                }
            }
        }

        Import-Module -Name $ModuleName -Force -ErrorAction Stop
    }
}

# Detect execution environment
$IsAzureAutomation = $null -ne $PSPrivateMetadata.JobId.Guid

# Initialize required modules
$RequiredModules = @("Microsoft.Graph.Authentication")

# MgGraphCommunity gives WAM-free interactive sign-in for local runs
if (-not $IsAzureAutomation) {
    $RequiredModules += "MgGraphCommunity"
}

try {
    Initialize-RequiredModule -ModuleNames $RequiredModules -IsAutomationEnvironment $IsAzureAutomation -ForceInstall $ForceModuleInstall
    Write-Verbose "✓ All required modules are available"
}
catch {
    Write-Error "Module initialization failed: $_"
    exit 1
}

# ============================================================================
# AUTHENTICATION
# ============================================================================

try {
    if ($IsAzureAutomation) {
        Write-Output "Connecting to Microsoft Graph using Managed Identity..."
        Connect-MgGraph -Identity -NoWelcome -ErrorAction Stop
    }
    else {
        Write-Output "Connecting to Microsoft Graph..."
        $Scopes = @(
            "DeviceManagementConfiguration.Read.All",
            "DeviceManagementManagedDevices.Read.All"
        )
        Connect-MgGraphCommunity -Scopes $Scopes -NoWelcome -ErrorAction Stop
    }
    Write-Output "✓ Successfully connected to Microsoft Graph"
}
catch {
    Write-Error "Failed to connect to Microsoft Graph: $($_.Exception.Message)"
    exit 1
}

# ============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS
# ============================================================================

function Get-MgGraphAllPage {
    param(
        [string]$Uri,
        [int]$DelayMs = 100
    )

    $allResults = @()
    $nextLink = $Uri

    do {
        try {
            if ($allResults.Count -gt 0) {
                Start-Sleep -Milliseconds $DelayMs
            }

            $response = Invoke-MgGraphRequest -Uri $nextLink -Method GET

            if ($null -ne $response.value) {
                $allResults += $response.value
            }
            else {
                $allResults += $response
            }

            $nextLink = $response.'@odata.nextLink'
        }
        catch {
            if ($_.Exception.Message -like "*429*") {
                Write-Information "Rate limit hit, waiting 60 seconds..." -InformationAction Continue
                Start-Sleep -Seconds 60
                continue
            }
            throw "Error fetching data: $($_.Exception.Message)"
        }
    } while ($nextLink)

    return $allResults
}

function Get-DisciplineLabel {
    param([string]$TemplateFamily)

    switch -Wildcard ($TemplateFamily) {
        "*Firewall*" { "Firewall" }
        "*AttackSurfaceReduction*" { "Attack Surface Reduction" }
        "*Antivirus*" { "Antivirus" }
        "*DiskEncryption*" { "Disk Encryption" }
        "*EndpointDetectionAndResponse*" { "EDR" }
        "*AccountProtection*" { "Account Protection" }
        "*EndpointPrivilegeManagement*" { "Endpoint Privilege Management" }
        "*ApplicationControl*" { "App Control" }
        default { $TemplateFamily }
    }
}

# ============================================================================
# MAIN SCRIPT LOGIC
# ============================================================================

try {
    Write-Output "Retrieving settings catalog policies..."
    $allPolicies = Get-MgGraphAllPage -Uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/deviceManagement/configurationPolicies?`$expand=assignments"

    # Server-side templateFamily filters behave inconsistently, so filter locally
    $securityPolicies = @($allPolicies | Where-Object {
            $_.templateReference -and $_.templateReference.templateFamily -like "endpointSecurity*"
        })
    Write-Output "✓ Found $($securityPolicies.Count) endpoint security policies (of $(@($allPolicies).Count) settings catalog policies)"

    Write-Output "Retrieving legacy security intents..."
    $intents = @()
    try {
        $intents = @(Get-MgGraphAllPage -Uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/deviceManagement/intents?`$select=id,displayName,templateId,isAssigned")
        Write-Output "✓ Found $($intents.Count) legacy intents"
    }
    catch {
        Write-Warning "Could not read legacy intents: $($_.Exception.Message)"
    }

    Write-Output "Counting Windows devices..."
    $windowsDevices = Get-MgGraphAllPage -Uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/deviceManagement/managedDevices?`$filter=operatingSystem eq 'Windows'&`$select=id"
    $windowsDeviceCount = @($windowsDevices).Count
    Write-Output "✓ $windowsDeviceCount Windows devices enrolled"

    # ----- Build per-policy rows -----
    [System.Collections.Generic.List[Object]]$report = @()

    foreach ($policy in $securityPolicies) {
        $discipline = Get-DisciplineLabel -TemplateFamily $policy.templateReference.templateFamily
        $report.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
                PolicyName   = $policy.name
                Discipline   = $discipline
                Source       = "Settings Catalog"
                Template     = $policy.templateReference.templateDisplayName
                Platforms    = $policy.platforms
                IsAssigned   = (@($policy.assignments).Count -gt 0)
                Assignments  = @($policy.assignments).Count
                PolicyId     = $policy.id
            })
    }

    foreach ($intent in $intents) {
        $report.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
                PolicyName   = $intent.displayName
                Discipline   = "Legacy Intent"
                Source       = "Intent (legacy)"
                Template     = $intent.templateId
                Platforms    = ""
                IsAssigned   = [bool]$intent.isAssigned
                Assignments  = ""
                PolicyId     = $intent.id
            })
    }

    # ----- Display results -----
    Write-Output "`nFIREWALL AND ASR STATUS"
    Write-Output ("=" * 50)
    Write-Output "Windows devices enrolled: $windowsDeviceCount | Generated: $(Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')"
    Write-Output ("=" * 50)

    # Coverage per core discipline
    $coreDisciplines = @("Firewall", "Attack Surface Reduction", "Antivirus", "Disk Encryption", "EDR", "Account Protection")
    Write-Output "`nCoverage per discipline:"
    [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]$gaps = @()

    foreach ($discipline in $coreDisciplines) {
        $disciplinePolicies = @($report | Where-Object { $_.Discipline -eq $discipline })
        $assigned = @($disciplinePolicies | Where-Object { $_.IsAssigned })

        if ($assigned.Count -gt 0) {
            Write-Output "  [COVERED] $($discipline): $($assigned.Count) assigned policy/policies"
        }
        elseif ($disciplinePolicies.Count -gt 0) {
            Write-Output "  [GAP] $($discipline): $($disciplinePolicies.Count) policy/policies exist but none is assigned"
            $gaps.Add($discipline)
        }
        else {
            Write-Output "  [GAP] $($discipline): no policy exists"
            $gaps.Add($discipline)
        }
    }

    # Policy details
    if ($report.Count -gt 0) {
        Write-Output "`nAll endpoint security policies:"
        foreach ($disciplineGroup in ($report | Group-Object -Property Discipline | Sort-Object Name)) {
            Write-Output "`n  $($disciplineGroup.Name):"
            foreach ($row in ($disciplineGroup.Group | Sort-Object PolicyName)) {
                $assignedLabel = if ($row.IsAssigned) { "assigned" } else { "NOT ASSIGNED" }
                Write-Output "    $($row.PolicyName) [$assignedLabel] ($($row.Source))"
            }
        }
    }

    # Summary
    $unassignedCount = @($report | Where-Object { -not $_.IsAssigned }).Count
    Write-Output "`n"
    Write-Output ("=" * 50)
    Write-Output "Summary: $($report.Count) endpoint security policies | $unassignedCount unassigned | gaps: $(if ($gaps.Count -gt 0) { $gaps -join ', ' } else { 'none' })"
    if ($gaps -contains "Firewall" -or $gaps -contains "Attack Surface Reduction") {
        Write-Warning "Firewall or ASR has no assigned policy - $windowsDeviceCount Windows devices are running on local defaults"
    }
    Write-Output ("=" * 50)

    # Export to CSV if requested
    if ($ExportToCsv) {
        $timestamp = Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-dd_HH-mm-ss"
        $csvPath = Join-Path $OutputPath "Endpoint_Security_Coverage_$timestamp.csv"
        $report | Export-Csv -Path $csvPath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8
        Write-Output "✓ CSV report saved: $csvPath"
    }
}
catch {
    Write-Error "Script execution failed: $($_.Exception.Message)"
    exit 1
}
finally {
    try {
        $null = Disconnect-MgGraph
        Write-Output "✓ Disconnected from Microsoft Graph"
    }
    catch {
        Write-Verbose "Graph disconnection completed"
    }
}

# Copia sin cambios de https://github.com/ugurkocde/IntuneAutomation (commit 797bb2e).
# MIT License
#
# Copyright (c) 2025 Ugur Koc | Microsoft MVP
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.